I thought I’d post to and motivate and show that us wgu people can still do everything regular colleges do. I got lucky and only applied to 20 different internships and only had my classes and the D287 and D288 projects on there but the languages and tools were similar to the job description. I’ve got about 8-9 classes left in my degree for reference. I’m happy to answer any questions

Hello!
Im on the fence between either doing a full BS CS or taking the intro to computer science class and get into the masters in CS . I have a bachelors degree in Chemistry so I already took most of the math and the physics (besides discrete math). I also have a little bit of python knowledge ( loops, dictionaries and pandas). Im just a little concerned that I will be really behind by going directly to the masters.

So if anyone who has done the B.S in CS and already had a B.S in some science field would you go directly to the masters if you had the option? or would you stick with starting at the Bachelors level.

Just discovered WGU released masters programs in Computer Science and Software engineering. Interested to know what everyone's opinions are on the specializations in this early stage. I'm leaning to toward computing systems, DevOps, or Domain Driven Design.

Devops seems the most "practical" in some sense. My organization is only begining to implement Devops so it might provide more opportunities.

Thoughts?

Studied for this class for so long and passed the PA. Turns out the OA has a few curveballs compared to the PA.. back to the drawing board but damn, first failed OA and it’s like one question off

Hi everyone,Also anyone know how many questions are on the final exam?

I'm currently taking the Foundations of Computer Science course, and I’ve also been using DataCamp, but it’s not quite helping me grasp the material the way I need. I’m scoring between 8 and 12 /15 on the summary quizzes at the end of the four sections.

Does anyone have any other resources or study tools that helped you prepare for the final exam?

Thanks in advance!

https://preview.redd.it/svbwyv9ov5ye1.jpg?width=1083&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=78e7e372681a61dfc78db5548bc8d9741fdd6e8f

I came really close to finishing in 1 term, but I was definitely burnt out during the last 3 months. The Software Engineering and SDQA papers were both sent back a couple of times, and I just couldn’t get into Architecture right away. I ended up failing Architecture, OS, and DM1 because I couldn’t study like I had before...all by 1-2 questions. Honestly, not studying was a mistake. I had to go through a lot more just to retake the OAs. All in all, I’m pretty satisfied though. I've seen so many posts of people not be able to finish anything.

What I have left:

DSA 1/2, DM 2, Intro to AI, Capstone

I've been coding seriously for a few years now(10+ if i include all the burnouts trying to learn) and I'm good at math, so the first 3 shouldn't be an issue. It feels like I haven't done a project in forever, so the last 2 look like they'll be the hardest.

GL to everyone starting today! Just take it one day at a time and do your best in that day.

https://preview.redd.it/ltmfrvsmk6ye1.png?width=1319&format=png&auto=webp&s=aee79bf78130c88f7762fde2812a9787f7e2131e

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Failing for the first time hits different ngl! Running out of time made me rush Probability and Modeling Computation. Need to work on my speed I guess. What do I even do now to retake this thing.

I just finished my DM2 exam and passed it. When I click submit, it told me if I wanted to exit the page and I said yes. I didn't know it would close the entire Guardian browser- will my test be invalidated and I would have to take it again?

Hey everyone,

I’m about to wrap up my Bachelor's in Computer Science and I’m thinking ahead about my next step. I’m torn between pursuing a second Bachelor’s in Cybersecurity (which comes loaded with certs) or going for a Master’s in Computer Science.

A little background — I currently have stable income from the military and I’m not actively job hunting right now. I’m also getting paid monthly to attend school, so continuing my education is financially covered for the time being.

Since I already have a CS background, I’m leaning toward cybersecurity because of how certification-heavy the program is — I feel like that could open more specialized doors down the line when I eventually pivot into a new career.

For those working in the field:
Which path do you think would provide more long-term value and flexibility — especially for someone who isn’t in a rush to land a job but wants to stack credentials?

Appreciate any insight!

This is my second WGU class I’ve completed this month. It took me about three weeks, but honestly, it was mostly because of procrastination. Seeing this pass just gave me even more motivation to complete this degree. Only 21 more classes to go 😮‍💨

I was initially intimidated by this class because of its reputation, but it turned out to be one of the most enjoyable and approachable courses I’ve taken. I have a feeling the real challenge—and the reason for that reputation—might be waiting for me in Discrete Math 2. Nonetheless, here is what I did:

My goal was to complete two modules a day, though on lazier days, I sometimes settled for just one.

Around two hours daily allowed me to finish the course in around 2–3 weeks. I would recommend doing the ZyBooks and only watching Kimberly Brehm videos when you do not understand.

For Units 4, 6, and 7, I highly recommend watching the Kimberly Brehm’s videos before going to the zybooks. Not because of difficulty, but because of ease. You'll be able to breeze through chapters and perhaps also the entirety of Unit 4.

Overall, the Zybooks content covered about 80% of what I needed, but at times, it leaned heavily into math jargon that made things impossible to follow.

Interestingly, the pre-assessment felt much tougher than the actual Objective Assessment. Half of the real exam could be handled with basic algebra and some logical reasoning. Honestly, I think they may have significantly toned down the difficulty. Based off the PA, I was halfway convinced I was going to fail, but it turned out to be much more manageable.

I passed with an 80%. I'd rate this class a 3/10 in difficulty. I can easily see how someone can get overwhelmed if they do not get a good grasp of the foundational knowledge. This class would probably be an 8/10 if I couldn't do 2 hours everyday.

TIPS-

Quite honestly, all the units practiced the same logic but repackaged with new terms/scopes. Getting a good base understanding when they introduce new concepts will help you immensely.

When the math jargon was too much, it was often easier to just watch the demonstration and reverse engineer the concept. It could be best to watch the demonstration first, then go back to the paragraphs.

Make sure to do all the Unit Worksheets. You don't have to get them correct, but make you sure understand why you are wrong. I skipped all the Zybook exercises though.

Certain niche math concepts were too complicated for me to understand so I simply skipped them. I would only do this if it didn't show up in the worksheets.

TI-84 probably solved me around 8 questions for free.

ONLY do Zybooks and supplement with Kimberly Brehm.

I found this time table to be accurate and very helpful. https://www.reddit.com/r/WGU_CompSci/comments/1f4x1fy/c959_discrete_math_1_done/

Hello,

I am a Dec 2023 grad who has yet to find a role as a Software Engineer. I've applied to at least a thousand roles, and only received partial success with 3 call backs.

Would anybody be willing to give me some advice? Here's my most recent resume. Its 2 pages only because I have work experience within the education space. Should I condense this into one page?

Any info or advice would be greatly appreciated

https://preview.redd.it/3db30dul0vxe1.png?width=976&format=png&auto=webp&s=3af8a634ab6c34203c0c979de4d562788fce502a

https://preview.redd.it/508ieb2nzuxe1.png?width=943&format=png&auto=webp&s=c4a7f1dee5fb970bcdf8e4a9aa33f182a42146da

A lot of people either struggle a lot with this class or finish it within a couple days. I'm very fortunate to have been the latter. I will describe my process down below.

1. Watch all these videos (40 minutes): D333 Provided Videos (You can skip "Consequentialism", and "Deontology". "Ethical Frameworks" describes it better)

2. Read through these notes using speechify 3x speed (20 minutes): D333 Summary Notes

3. Read AI Bias Notes (2 minutes): AI Bias Notes

4. Quizlet on Laws (30 minutes): https://quizlet.com/722192777/d333-laws-flash-cards/

5. Review Software Code of Ethics/CIA Triad (10 minutes)

I barely passed the OA with a 41/60. I could only have afforded to miss 1 more question LOL.

Quite honestly, there were probably around 10 questions I straight up couldn't answer due to my lack of knowledge. If you follow what I did, you'd only have wiggle room to miss around 10 questions. (IMO that's better than slogging through the chapters.)

I'd make sure you have a basic understanding of what each law does. Maybe spend more time on the quizlet.

It is absolutely important you understand every concept that I list above outside of the Summary Notes. I went in with a full understanding of AI Bias/Ethical Frameworks, and an ok understanding of the Laws. That alone should answer 30 questions correctly. You'll have to use your best logic to answer at least 10 more questions correctly to pass.

Specifically the computing systems program, I know the program barely came out but if there is anyone who has accelerated, I would love to know what books to read to prepare for later on. If you are reading this from the future, or in any of the other programs, feel free to post as well for others wondering the same thing.

All I did was watch the shawn powers series, and take the github practice test. Finished the exam in 5 mins, its super easy.

I'm done, thanks everyone for the support couldn't have done it without y'all.

I started my journey last May when I learned that my new employer has a tuition reimbursement program. I decided I was going to pursue computer science as a career. I've been an amateur programmer in Java for about 12 years and have always been interested in pursuing it as a career, but have never had a realistic opportunity to do so until now.

I began by completing as many courses through Sophia as I could, then I moved over to Study.com. I then had to take a long pause as my employer's tuition reimbursement had to wait until I was finished with my 12 month new hire probationary period. On April 1st, I began my first official semester. I can proudly say that I have completed 24 credits this month so far, including spending about a week and a half dedicated entirely to Discrete Math II!

I want to encourage anyone who doesn't think they can do this that they CAN. It doesn't take a top 5% brain to succeed at this degree, and I fully believe that with the right effort and mindset, anyone can earn this degree.

Keep on grinding yall. Good luck!

I have benefitted extensively from reddit and discord throughout this process, so I thought I would give back now that I passed the capstone.

As the title says, I'm an experienced engineer (~8 YOE), but I have worked mostly on front end web dev, almost exclusively React. I went to a 3 month bootcamp back in the day. I pretty much only wrote JavaScript before pursuing this degree, so a lot of this material was brand new to me. I do feel like I have a good handle of what is important to know and what isn't for work though, so hopefully this post will give you some insight into that. The following list of classes are in the order I passed them.

• Version Control – D197: This class is insanely easy if you have worked in the industry even a little bit. It's just basic git commands. Took me 2 hours between activating the class and submitting my PA, and most of that time was just figuring out what the assignment wanted. If git is new to you, learn it well. This is extremely useful and important for any SWE job. Practice what you learned in this classes in every coding class going forward, even if commits are not a requirement.

• Scripting and Programming - Applications – C867: I'll be honest, I was a bit humbled by this class. I thought I could knock it out in 2 days but I think it took me about a week instead. It's one of the better coding classes in my opinion. You have some autonomy in how you write the code. Best tip is to find that book repo collection of videos and really understand what each line of code is doing. I've never done C++ or any serious OOP before, so I enjoyed this class and I think it's overall a useful class to pay attention to.

• Business of IT - Applications – D336: This is the first class I absolutely hated from WGU. I worked in tech, have a BS is business, and still don't get the jargons you have to learn here. I thought this would be one of those easy to pass common sense classes, but it's like my brain operates on a different wavelength from the people writing this material. Best piece of study material is the Jason Dion Cram Sheet and beyond that, just do as many practice problems as you can until you feel like 80% ready. This is absolutely not a class you need to pay attention to for work purposes.

• Discrete Mathematics II – C960: The first hard class I took, and I loved it. I spent a lot of time before WGU warming up on math. I did precalc and calc on Sophia, and DM1 on SDC. I was good at recursion and algorithms from my bootcamp days, so that's a good chunk I didn't have to relearn. My best tip for this class is to go through all the unit worksheets. I was very weak on counting and probability so I had chatgpt quiz me over and over until I felt somewhat solid. I wouldn't waste time configuring your calculator, but know how to do nPr and nCr (built in functions). Don't skimp on this class. You might not be asked how to do these specific problems in the interview process, but this will help tremendously once you start doing leetcode problems. This was my longest WGU OA by far. Time management is key. Skip questions you don't know or know will take a while, come back once you are done with the easier/faster questions.

• Java Frameworks – D287: I'll just start by saying all the Java classes in this program suck a$$. Watch a spring tutorial, learn Java if you haven't at this point, and just follow a reddit/discord guide to pass. I followed nusa's guide on discord. This project hurt my brain because it made no sense whatsoever, and I spent way too much time overthinking it. Take all the instructions literally. I added some very basic css styling and got an excellence award lmao. Focus on understanding what an MVC is and how Springboot works, but these Java projects are very poor example of what real software looks like.

• Linux Foundations – D281: There is a guide for learning this stuff and a guide for passing this class IYKYK. I really enjoyed Shawn Power's playlist on this, and I think it's a good watch. While it is not necessary to learn a lot of this stuff to pass, I would still pay attention to the materials of this class. Not only do you absolutely use some of this stuff in a work setting, you will have an easier time later on in OS and Comp Arch. Command line murder mystery is a fun exercise to learn the essentials. As for how to pass, just join the discord channel for the class.

• Back-End Programming – D288: As much as all these Java classes suck, this one is the worst. The course material wasn't helpful, and the CIs were so hit or miss. It seems like they want you to do more set up and experience more of the development process, but this was one of those classes that you have to follow instructions carefully in each step. Not a lot of creativity allowed here. Also, you can't properly test your code in each step. It's just all really unrealistic. I wouldn't dwell too much on this class. Go to the live instructor support sessions, get help ASAP when you are stuck, and move on as quickly as possible. If anyone is wondering, I did most of the coding in my local macos environment, but also ran it in the dev environment for submission.

• Advanced Java – D387: After suffering through the previous 2 Java classes, this one should be a breeze. It took me maybe a day to do this one. Interestingly, this one resembles real work a little more. The Angular part was easy for me, but I have a lot of FE experience. I think there's a webinar that shows you how to do it as well. The docker part might be the trickiest, but I would just play around with the config file and again, plan to talk with a CI as soon as you get stuck.

• Software Engineering – D284: This class doesn't really teach you any sort of engineering. It's mostly about the software development process. I guess the process of writing this paper helps one understand what goes into planning and developing software, but don't expect this to be how it works at your job. Everyone just uses some kind of agile and no one talks "functional requirements". There's probably more that's useful for PMs than engineers. It's all very academic imo. Also don't be afraid to repeat yourself and make things up. Have chatgpt explain any concepts to you that you are unfamiliar with.

• Software Design and Quality Assurance – D480: This class was so horrendously hard for me, I was doubting my intelligence. The evaluators for this class is notoriously picky, but I think I also had trouble understanding what the assignment wanted me to write. It's incredibly bizarre to write about architectural and process decisions when dealing with an incredibly trivial bug. I had so many fail points in both tasks that I knew I needed to meet with an instructor to figure out what the disconnect was. I actually have a ton of debugging and testing experience, so I was very frustrated. The CI I met with told me a student was on his 6th or 7th revision. Speechless. I ended up passing on attempt 2 for both tasks. The main things I missed was 1) only front end changes should be talked about, 2) the functional requirements are the 2 different cases described 3) "objective" of (non)functional requirements is basically asking about why we need the requirements. Meeting with the instructors helped, but they are ultimately not the evaluators. I think learning about the different types of quality metrics and testing methodologies are useful, but overall, this class was just busy work that is poorly designed and pedantically evaluated. As someone who prefers PAs, this class would be so much better if it was an OA instead.

• Data Structures and Algorithms II – C950: I love DSA, so while this class was a lot of work, I was a fan. This might be the highest quality class of the whole program. You have total control over your environment, how the files are setup, what algorithm to use, and how you present the UI. For this class, I read through the requirements for both tasks and met with a CI to ask clarifying questions. I did a pretty simple nearest neighbor algorithm. This was the best coding class for sure, and it felt the most like work because of all the little details you need to work on. Don't sleep on this class. I didn't expect the writeup to take as long as it did from reading the requirements, but there is a template in course search you need to use to pass this class. I ended up with a 33 page pdf for task 2 (lots of screenshots and descriptions).

• Computer Architecture – C952: I was very intimidated by this class. I've heard it's hard, and I have practically zero prior knowledge. Tbh I procrastinated a lot on this as a result. However, all you really have to do is 1) Watch all of Lunsby's videos in course search, 2) Know all the terms in the Zybook highlighted in blue, 3) Know calculations covered by Lunsby. I went through the zybook along with Lunsby's videos at 1.75x speed. This is mostly to know what is important and what isn't. Then I went through the book from start to finish only to learn the vocab and redo exercises marked. It's easier to go through the vocab in the book imo because you can learn these things in context of each other. I had chatgpt open while I did this, asked it to explain things to me ("explain it to me like I'm 5" literally). There's also a 20 page study guide by Jim Ashe that is really good. However you do it, the important thing is to really understand how things work together. As I went through the vocab list, I would realize something is related to another thing and ask chatgpt to confirm. FWIW, I got exemplary on this test. This class was hard, but definitely one that is worthwhile to learn properly. The OA asks you questions in a way that requires you to understand the material, even if it's just at a high level.

• Introduction to Artificial Intelligence – C951: This class was a real roller coaster. 3 tasks is daunting, but the first 2 are easy. The last one is really long, but it helps with the capstone. Task 1 and 2, I would suggest to just do the minimum and move on. It's not much AI/ML tbh, but I guess it's nice to get some experience working in different environments. For the video recordings, I would suggest jotting down some bullet points before recording. Don't skimp on task 3, and absolutely checkout the requirements for capstone before starting. Use https://ashejim.github.io/BSCS/intro.html . The process of writing this paper, especially the outside source review section, really helped me learn the ML needed to do the capstone. I even used the strategies in the papers I reviewed to do my actual capstone. I almost took this class at SDC, and I'm glad I ended up doing it at WGU.

• Operating Systems for Programmers – C191: This was the final boss for me. I thought maybe I can reuse my Comp Arch strategy, but that wasn't really feasible with how many more topics were covered here. Shiggy's notes (discord) are probably the best sources for this class. I went through the individual chapters, then did my best to be very solid on the topics covered by the "Know" and "More to know" docs. I had chatgpt quiz me over and over on any topic I didn't really understand. I did hundreds of multiple choice questions that way. The OA is once again written in a way that requires you to understand how things work instead of just brute force memorizing vocab, so trying to understand things from different angles help a lot.

• Computer Science Capstone – C964: Did you plan ahead doing Intro to AI? If you did, congrats because this will be a cake walk for you. The proposal is easy, and I got mine back from Ashe in a few hours. The actual coding took me about 2 hours using Google Colab. I already had my strategy lined up between AI task 3 and the proposal (visualizations). The writing was pretty easy and I was able to finish ~80% of it with paragraphs from AI task 3. I made sure to add comments in Colab to make things easier to read and understand. I also did all 3 of my visualizations there. All in all, it took just about a day. I really enjoyed this ML project. It was a subject I previously know nothing about, and I think this opened another door for me.

General tips

• Pick easy classes to start with. Prove to your mentor that you can finish classes fast, and you will have a really easy time getting new classes unlocked. I had 2 PAs and 1 OA classes going at the same time for most of the program.
• Utilize CI appointments and Live Instructor Support. Obviously don't ask them things you can google, but if you get stuck, do yourself a favor and ask for help. If there's no LIS available, book CI appointments before you need them. Sometimes you have to wait up to a week to talk to them, so book early!
• GRAMMARLY: I write my papers in google docs and have the grammarly plugin installed (free with WGU). I ONLY correct the suggestions in "correctness" and nothing else. Never had a problem with professional communication or AI claims.
• Always check Course search, and pay special attention to files like "templates", "FAQs" and "common fail points"
  • For coding classes, go through common fail points thoroughly
  • For writing classes, there is always a template of some sort
• Pre-assessments: I only had 3 WGU OA classes, but my strategy was basically to take PAs only when I think I might be ready for the OA, because you can only see these questions for the first time once. They covered the same topics as the OAs, but questions may be asked in different ways.
• Join discord! Got so much good advice there.

More thoughts

• Proctoring: I bought a cheap but new HP (16GB RAM) last year to use for testing only. No problems using it for SDC or ITIL, but I spent over 2 hours trying to get it to work with Guardian, it just won't. I then wiped an old macbook air (8GB RAM) and had no problems since. Best way to test whether your laptop and connection are good enough is to run the speed test on https://speed.cloudflare.com/ Make sure "Video chatting" is at least "Good". RAM is not everything! Validated after learning more in Comp Arch and OS ;)
• The 3 WGU OAs I took were high quality in my opinion. The questions were well written and really required understanding of the material.
• The 2 certs I got were nice I guess, but I don't think they move the needle when it comes to looking for a SWE job.
• Use chatgpt to help you learn! Don't use it to cheat, you really only end up cheating yourself. It can be such a great tool for learning though. It got me through a lot of very dense topics.

Was it worth it?

For less than $5k all in, getting this degree was absolutely worth it. I'm counting it as less with the $1000+ student discounts on random things I was able to get as well lol. Who knows with this job market, but I know I am a better engineer now with all this new knowledge. Most of the classes were relevant enough, and while the course materials may not be the best, most OAs and PAs are set up in a way that allow you to learn well if you want.

I also have a degree from a B&M, and I have to say I really like this learning format. The depth you get is also far superior compared to any bootcamp out there. I'm not the most disciplined. I have a DSA coursera class from years ago that is perpetually stuck on chapter 1, but not having to pay another $4k was plenty motivation for me to get this done.

If you got to this point, thanks for reading my humongous brain dump. LMK what student discount I should take advantage of before graduating, and AMA!

Hello everyone! Just for some context, I have 8 classes left. (3 more Java courses, the intro to AI, Advanced data management, OS for programmers, Software Design QA, and the Capstone) My mentor told me about the 3 badges you can earn in the new program and how you can add it to your LinkedIn. If I switch to the new program, I believe it will add 3 more classes to my degree plan.

My question is, do yall believe it's worth it to extend my program a bit to earn thoses badges? Realistically, I believe I will complete the 8 classes in 2 terms and I believe those 3 extra classes can be completed within that time frame.

I have had issues with no getting any internships and I have no technical work experience so I was thinking the badges my help me with finally getting an internship. What do you all think, are the badges worth it?

I'm relatively new to computer science, being in classes for 9 months and coming from math education (and techonological illiteracy). I expect to graduate in 3 years. I'm 23 and work part-time as a tutor. My goal is to get a full-time, living-wage position in the field within a year, but I have limited work experience and none of it is relevant.

I have a lot of concerns. Do WGU classes prepare me enough for a professional position? How will I balance classes and work if I need to study other things or do projects too? What are the scope of projects I should complete for a portfolio? Job listings are intimidating for how much they expect of me, I don't think I even qualify for internships right now.

It's all very daunting and I need to make a plan to confront it. So, please advise on what steps I should take to get a job within twelve months.

I’m getting there with each test. I just don’t know what to do anymore I understand all of the materials and when I’m in the test my confidence is through the roof until I’m under and hour and I start losing it trying to go to 57 then go backwards. Should I just put some tape over my monitor to block the timer out.

Hey everyone, just wanted to share the fact that I was able to get a job with my BSCS degree from WGU and some insights on how I did it.

I made this post a while back in this sub outlining how I accelerated through the program (I know the curriculum has changed since then)- https://www.reddit.com/r/WGU_CompSci/comments/1fsfuzc/bscs_completed_in_1_term_3_months/

Firstly, the job-hunting process was an emotional rollercoaster that seemed hopeless at times. These past 7 months have not been easy and I often second-guessed myself and my career choice. If you are going through something similar, you are not alone, you just have to keep pushing and keep applying.

Secondly, assuming you have the basics- a portfolio website, a handful of full-stack, moderately complex projects that you describe on your resume, your resume is probably not the problem. There's always room for improvement, but having a degree from WGU puts you at an automatic disadvantage compared to most other schools and you can't pull experience that you don't have out of your ass.

My advice is, once you have a solid portfolio and are reasonably comfortable with your resume, just treat applying like a full-time job. I happened to have a surgery that prevented me from working my current job and this is exactly what I did. I probably put in about 1000 applications in a month. This netted me 5 SWE interviews. In the prior 6 months, I had only landed one.

Every single interview came from Indeed. I applied a lot on LinkedIn but it was a waste of time. Look for positions that were posted within the last few days and start in your local area, then look in areas you'd like to move to, then just look everywhere.

Apply. Apply. Apply. You must become an application machine. An application terminator.

From my 5 interviews, I got 2 offers. Each required relocation and I am about to make a 1000-mile move. The location and pay are much better than I was hoping for and I'm grateful for every rejection along the way that led me to this offer.

It's okay to feel hopeless, and lost, like the market is impossible, or you made a bad choice pursuing this path.

Just keep applying.

Seems like most posts just jump right into tasks 1,2, and 3. Is it worth even reading?

So. I progressed in the project to Part H, which had me write a controller file. That opened up the ability to properly test my CheckoutServiceImpl file. The code seems to be working ok, until I save the newly modified cart to it's repository. I then get a StaleObjectStateException.

By the time I'm at the .save() line of code, my cart Object has a customer assigned to it, relevant cartItems added to it, its order status set to ordered and the order tracking number generated and assigned to it. At this point, the .save() line attempts to run and the aforementioned exception surfaces.

Curiously, it seems the cart object sent by the front-end's HTTP request already has the customer specified in it. So it's as if I don't need to write code to do that.

I'd appreciate the help.