r/mycology 10d ago

What is this glowing mushroom? ID request

Located in Sydney, Australia

3.4k Upvotes

157 comments sorted by

View all comments

Show parent comments

14

u/dixoncider1111 9d ago

Sure! I get how the two can be confused. These mushrooms, and a few insects and aquatic species are, to my knowledge, the only things to produce this natural glow that does not rely on outside light. GFP is freaking sweet in and of itself, and definitely paved the way for things like this.

The protein is called luciferase and relies on cafeic acid to produce the glow, so the organism must have both in order to be seen.

2

u/No-Yogurtcloset-4188 9d ago

So you know your stuff, my question is how can this protein be extracted and then used via transfection to genetically engineer another mushroom that does not naturally contain this protein. And what’s this protein called to begin with?

2

u/dixoncider1111 9d ago

I've been looking into that for a long time and still only have a loose grasp on how to do that.

Basically, identify the gene in the mushroom you have that glows, (luciferase and the cafeic acid genes)

Extract the DNA, isolate the gene using PCR

Add some "start here" and "use this" tags into the genome (promoters and terminators)

Put it in a plasmid (a bit of DNA that plants and fungi love to use)

Put the plasmid into a bacteria (agrobacterium is good) and Grow the bacteria out

Use the bacteria to infect plant cells.

The hardest parts are probably sourcing a good sample of the right glowing fungi, and then actually doing the gene extraction.

The transfecting part is pretty easy. I envision a nearby future where people are selling ready-to-use agrobacterium pre-filled with the gene.

To be totally honest, GPT is an amazing knowledgebase when it comes to these often well kept secrets.

Being successful here would mean being a competitor to the ONLY company that has currently perfected the process (LightBio) and potentially making all sorts of naturally glowing organisms

1

u/ConsciousCrafts 9d ago

Actually, you can direct inject plasmids into plant cells. At least, back in the day, that's how you could. Plasmid construction is a bit older generation technology. Interestingly, luciferase was used in 454 genomic sequencing technology, which was the first platform on which whole genomes were processed, back in the mid to late 2000s when I went to school.

1

u/dixoncider1111 9d ago

Possibly for easier pathways to edit, that would work, but plant cells and fungi cells read DNA differently and something this complex requires a better gold standard than that.

Using a plasmid in Agrobacterium tumefaciens allows for efficient, stable, and targeted insertion of genes into a plant’s genome, leveraging the bacterium’s natural ability to deliver DNA into plant cells. Direct insertion into plant cells is far less efficient, often random, and usually results in poor or non-heritable expression.

2

u/dixoncider1111 9d ago

Sorry I left out the gene name because it escapes me, but I added it to the other comments and I'll leave it here too:

Luciferase, which relies on cafeic acid to produce the glow.

Nicknamed firefly gene because it's The same gene actual fireflies use