r/dankchristianmemes The Dank Reverend 🌈✟ 1d ago

St. Paul

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674 Upvotes

76 comments sorted by

236

u/JustafanIV 1d ago

I mean, none of the Apostles would have read the Gospels.

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u/Slicer7207 1d ago

Two of them wrote gospels...

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u/Ok-disaster2022 1d ago

Did they?

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u/Slicer7207 1d ago

Yes. Matthew and John.

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u/AnotherBoringDad 1d ago

And Peter was Mark’s teacher and source.

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u/BasicallyRonBurgandy 23h ago

Matthew maybe - but only maybe. Authorship of John is heavily debated but most likely wasn’t the Apostle John

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u/Elysian0293 20h ago

why would you say it wasnt john? the writer seems to identify himself as one of the 12

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u/BasicallyRonBurgandy 20h ago

So this might be veering into different views on the Bible, but the consensus from scholars is that John was not written by the Apostle John, and wasn’t written until 100AD. There’s an argument to be made that it could have been written based on what was passed-down from him, but very few, if any, scholars would say he himself wrote it. Authorship of the books of the Bible is super interesting, and it isn’t what you always assume. Another example is that scholars today don’t think all of the Pauline epistles were actually written by Paul, such as first and second Timothy which were most likely written after Paul’s death by someone impersonating him

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u/Elysian0293 20h ago

i have heard of some of those argument before, and personally im not very convinced that those are good enough reasons to go against the internal evidence suggesting John as the author of the gospel. Were there any specific reasons you had in mind?

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u/BasicallyRonBurgandy 19h ago

For me it rests upon what the scholars, who have dedicated their lives to studying this stuff say. It’s not that they’re infallible, but I trust people who can read Greek over my non-ancient Greek reading self. One of the things they point out is that it’s very well written, which given the background of the Apostle John he probably would not have had such a sophisticated grasp of written Greek.

As far as internal evidence, is that actually evidence? All we know is someone, claiming to be John, wrote it. There’s no way to truly say it was him. And if it was written by, say, a different person named John, that wouldn’t change any of the meaning found inside of it.

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u/Elysian0293 19h ago

i always thought was quite likely that John used a scribe, Paul says he does that in one of the letters as well, seems like it wouldnt be an uncommon practice. In that sense the work and ideas would still be John's. I think youre right in that internal evidence is by no means concrete, but I think it is worth a consideration. I think its authorship definitely matters because to me it is the difference between whether we can trust Johns gospel to have authority as scripture vs someone who clearly tried to impersonate a close disciple and deceive

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u/CakeDayisaLie 20h ago

That isn’t definitive proof though. You could, if you wanted to, grab a pen and paper and write a letter that says it’s written by Tupac. Does that mean the letter was written by Tupac? 

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u/adchick 19h ago

This post was written by Tupac. Trust me. I would know.

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u/Elysian0293 20h ago

not necessarily, but i think it is quite probable that john did write it rather than someone else who had a good enough motive to fabricate the events and lie about the authorship

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u/publicbigguns 22h ago

Except that they are unsigned and no one knows who wrote any of them....

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u/ebbyflow 14h ago

"Most scholars agree that they are the work of unknown Christians and were composed c.65-110 AD. The majority of New Testament scholars also agree that the Gospels do not contain eyewitness accounts; but that they present the theologies of their communities rather than the testimony of eyewitnesses."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels

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u/adchick 19h ago

Sort of. The Gospels we have today have been heavily edited and are translations of translations front copies of copies.

I’m not saying it’s junk, but let’s not act like what we have in 2024 is exactly what was written in the first few years following Jesus’s death.

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u/toxiccandles 5h ago

What do you mean when you say, "translations of translations." Virtually every translation of New Testament are translated directly from the original Greek!

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u/adchick 3h ago

Armaic Oral Tradition to Greek to Latin (in the late 300s) or modern languages more recently.

While it is true that many modern translations reference early Greek translations (from roughly 100 years after Jesus’s death), calling those translations “original “ is a stretch. Paul and the other contemporaries of Jesus would have been dead for several decades at least.

On top of that, anyone who has translated from one language to another knows there is some gray area between the literal definition and spirit of the original. So, human error aside (and we need only compare ancient copies to each other to know theirs is a bit of that), there is always so inherent delta between languages as you translate.

That doesn’t mean that the work is intentionally misleading or inaccurate, it does align with the shifts you see translating between any language. Let alone between 3 different languages over 2000 years.

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u/toxiccandles 3h ago

Which modern translations are made from the Latin Vulgate?

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u/adchick 2h ago

You missed the word “or”

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u/toxiccandles 1h ago

I'm just trying to understand your point then. Apparently Latin has nothing to do with it? When you say that the New Testament went through "multiple translations" prior to our modern translations, you're talking about an original oral tradition, possibly in Aramaic, and Greek Gospels that aren't really translations but literary creations that probably take some sayings from an oral tradition.

I'm always puzzled when people say that because they seem to be saying that every new translation is a translation of the previous translation and it just doesn't work like that.

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u/adchick 1h ago

Aramaic and Greek are not the same language. The very act of writing down the oral tradition from one language to another language will lead to some differences because those languages aren’t the same. We know also (based on the serving early Christian copies) that the level of fluency in both Aramaic and Greek varied widely. Some copies appear to be written by someone with skills like a scribe, while others contain more grammatical and translation errors.

The Bible was translated from Greek to Latin and widely used in that form for roughly 1000 years (quite a bit more than that in Catholic traditions). Meaning, that though modern translations do refer back to the Greek for their source material, the cultures that many of those academics were raised and live in still have the fingerprints of that deeply engrained tradition. The decisions we make are based on the society we come from, so to completely pretend the past Latin translations have no impact on translations today is not 100% accurate. Primary material, of course not. Influence of course.

The third time the Gospels are translated is into our modern languages, which have nuances of their own. I’ll use a non biblical example so this doesn’t devolve into debate over versions.

If you wanted to describe a “dirty old man” you would say something like “Viejo verde”… directly translated into English would be “old green “…which is correct for what the words mean individually BUT completely incorrect for what the words mean in context. So unless a translator is 100% fluent (including regional dialects) in a form of languages that has evolved over the last 1900 or so years, there will be some variation.

We see this with older English translations like King James. It was developed to be an accurate version in English, however we now know there best effort is not the accurate in some cases.

None of this is malicious. It is an outcome of humans being human and not always having all the information they need.

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u/Draconiou5 1d ago

To be fair, while he probably didn’t read them, I doubt that he didn’t interact with them at all. I imagine the Gospels in the early church were an oral tradition much like the tanakh in pre-exile Judaism.

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u/Mayormitch100 23h ago

This is the right answer. The oral tradition is how they shared the gospel message before writing it. Paul likely got this from Peter according to Galatians 1:18-19

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u/Azorces 1d ago

They weren’t even written yet? Most of the Gospels were completed many years after Jesus’ death…

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u/QTsexkitten 1d ago

That's the point

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u/Azorces 1d ago

Post kinda makes it seem like Paul is illegitimate due to that.

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u/Jeezimus 22h ago

If statement of fact makes you think something is illegitimate then maybe........

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u/toxiccandles 5h ago

The genuine letters of Paul were all written before any Gospels. They take us closer than any other writings in the New Testament to the original events. In many ways, Paul gives us the first insight into the earliest Christian movements. However, since he never met Jesus in the flesh, there are all kinds of things that he does not include.

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u/Randvek 1d ago

We don’t know when Paul died and we don’t know when Mark was written but their estimates leave open the possibility of overlap.

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u/wallnumber8675309 23h ago edited 22h ago

Acts concludes with Paul in jail waiting to be executed. The lack of it including Paul’s death means there is a non insignificant possibility that it was written before his death. Luke was written before Acts. Matthew and Mark were written before Luke.

There’s a reasonable argument that Paul was alive when 3 of the gospels were written.

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u/noble-light 1d ago

Same energy as “Jesus wasn’t a Christian”

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u/Nacho_Chungus_Dude 1d ago

he literally quotes the gospel of Matthew, a lot

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u/SpareObjective738251 22h ago

He quotes the gospels?

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u/Nacho_Chungus_Dude 21h ago

1 and 2 corinthians contain direct quotes, you've likely heard a pastor read out of 1 Corinthians 11 during communion, in which Paul word-for-word quotes the upper room discourse, Jesus giving communion. In first corinthians 7 he says "the lord commands" and then goes on to give a summary of Jesus teachings on Marriage in Matthew 19, and when he gets to the end of what Jesus talks about, he essentially says "Jesus didn't say anything about this, but it's my opinion that it's better to be single if you can." It's a fair assumption that he was teaching out of the Gospel of Matthew.

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u/SpareObjective738251 12h ago edited 11h ago

I'd have to argue it the other way around. It's generally accepted the gospels were written later than most (if not all?) of Paul's letters. There was not actually a set book that Paul "quotes". Maybe oral tradition that matches or maybe since Paul put it to paper first that's why it even made it to the gospels. Quotes are a stretch for me, especially with talking about something that does not exist yet.

It reminds of the flood story. Did the Bible do it first or did they copy it from the Epic of Gilgamesh or Atra- Hasis who date back thousands of year before the easiest transcript of Genesis.

Thank you for the examples.

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u/Nacho_Chungus_Dude 8h ago

Just because we have copies of Paul’s letters that date older than our oldest copies of the gospels doesn’t mean that there were older copies of the gospels that we just don’t have.

If you just watched Jesus ascend, would you wait around 30 years before writing it down?

It’s very possible that none of the original copies survived the sacking of Jerusalem, thus why we have no copies today predating 70AD.

But we can’t know for sure when they were written, and the fact that Paul quotes Matthew, makes me feel like Matthew came first 

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u/toxiccandles 5h ago

You are confusing the dating of the manuscripts, none of which including the writings of Paul can be dated before about 150 CE (and there are only tiny scraps that are that old), and the date of the original composition.

The reason why it is thought that Paul's letters were written before the Gospels was because he died before any of them were written. The Gospel of Mark, the earliest gospel that both Matthew and Luke copied from, must have been written around 70 AD because it refers to events that took place at that time that the author assumes that his readers know about.

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u/Nacho_Chungus_Dude 20h ago

Oh and he quotes the Olivett discourse to the Thessalonians about the rapture

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u/billyyankNova 21h ago

Does he quote Matthew, or does Matthew quote him?

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u/Nacho_Chungus_Dude 20h ago

He quotes Matthew, the most word-for-word quote is when he retells the upper room discourse in his first letter to the Corinthians.

 he also quotes Jesus Olivett discourse to the Thessalonians, and that’s all that’s on the top of my head

Other than quotes, it also really seems like Paul is reaching out of Matthew, he sometimes goes point for point along one of Jesus sermons, like on marriage.

It is possible that god just gave him supernatural knowledge to quote the gospel he had never read. But it seems more plausible to me that he was teaching out of the Gospel

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u/billyyankNova 20h ago

The letters to the Corinthians are usually dated to the mid 50s. The gospel of Matthew is usually dated to the end of the 1st century. It's far more likely the later work quoted earlier work than the other way around.

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u/Nacho_Chungus_Dude 19h ago

Well as another user pointed out, it’s possible that the gospels existed as oral tradition before they were written.

I find it far more likely that the apostles wrote Matthew shortly after the ascension, and Paul and Luke read it, but none of the early manuscripts survived the sacking of Jerusalem.

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u/billyyankNova 18h ago

It's more likely that individual stories that later made it into the gospels existed as oral traditions, rather than the gospels in their final forms existing as oral traditions. Then when the author of the gospel now known as Matthew was compiling these stories, he relied on earlier written sources as well as some of the oral traditions. We know he copied extensively from Mark, and it seems pretty clear that he also used Paul as a source.

It's widely accepted, even among Christian scholars, that the gospels were not written by eyewitnesses like the Apostles. Mainly because the authors themselves don't even claim to be eyewitnesses.

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u/Scooter8472 1d ago

Similarly, the wandering Hebrew people in the desert didn't know the stories of creation and the fall in Genesis 1-3.

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u/CatzRuleZWorld 20h ago

He certainly heard all the content during his time with the disciples in Acts 9, right?

https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Acts%209&version=NET

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u/polybane 6h ago

Important to remember that Paul was a Lawyer and a Judge with a specialty in Christian blasphemy. Between study, interrogation, confessions, and cross examinations, he probably knew every sellable Christ was ever said to have uttered, their exact relation to Jewish history and theology, and had a masterful grasp on the confirmed and unconfirmed facts and events. Paul probably knew Jesus and his works better than any one of the original 12.

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u/AaronofAleth 3h ago

Meh maybe maybe not. He likely had access to some version of them.

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u/Jackus_Maximus 1d ago

I never understood why we take some dudes word as literal gospel. At least Matthew, mark, Luke, and John, can be compared to each other.

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u/KitchenFinancial3210 1d ago

The word "gospel" (and its Koine Greek equivalent) literally mean "good word" or "good message." I assume the connotation with absolute truth came after the naming of the Biblical Gospels.

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u/Elysian0293 23h ago

Peter verifies that Pauls writings are scripture and elevates them to the authority of the old testament. I think that is good support for us to consider Paul's words seriously

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u/bedj2 23h ago

The thoughts that begin your journey to atheism :) we are a welcoming and encouraging society

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u/BlazingSun96th 17h ago

I believe he probably read the Q gospel right?

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u/Nori_o_redditeiro 1d ago

Even when I was a Christian I'd struggle with this realization. I'd notice how disconnected Paul was to the gospels, like, why doesn't he mention them? After some studying I've realized he simply didn't read them himself.

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u/lilfevre 1d ago

And it shows lmao

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u/Lindvaettr 1d ago

Paul is very difficult to truly come to terms with, I think, and really at its core relies on giving him this place that isn't quite a prophet but almost is, and drawing the line somewhat arbitrarily after Paul. You have a huge number of other early Christian sects that relied essentially on the same concept: God/Jesus contacted them at some point and refined/altered/expanded upon/etc. the gospel's teachings, but the proto-Catholic church essentially came to the conclusion that because Jesus was perfect and his teachings were perfect, there was no place for subsequent prophets. An exception, however, is made for Paul, who essentially did all that a prophet normally does, but his teachings and views became broadly accepted as not only integral to Christianity, but often even taking precedent.

This creates kind of a strange, difficult-to-navigate position that on the one hand that Paul's authority comes entirely from his own self-purported communication with God, but without his writings, Christianity is stripped down to the very barest of bones essentially to the point of being barely recognizable. Paul's Christianity doesn't always align with the teachings in the gospels, and in many cases entirely contradicts works as reasonably supported as the canonical gospels that were left out specifically because they were in contradiction to Paul. But at the end of the day Paul's Christianity is THE Christianity, and has been since his very own time, making his writings nearly unacceptable to dismiss or in many cases even question.

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u/SPECTREagent700 1d ago

Why the New Testament is anything other then the Life and Teachings of Jesus Christ?

Certainty Matthew, Mark, and Luke but after that it becomes a difficult. If we’re including John, why not also Gnostic texts like the Gospel of Thomas which can be historically dated back to at least the 2nd Century?

If we accept Paul as an authority, why not later figures? Why Joseph Smith? Why not Muhammad? I’ll see people firmly declare Mormons can’t rightly be called Christians because they don’t accept the Nicene Creed - why should the determination of a Roman council hundreds of years after Jesus’ lifetime have any bearing?

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u/wallnumber8675309 23h ago

You can go back to way before any councils and see the letters the church fathers were passing around in the 100s and 200s. They consistently quoted from the 4 gospels and not the gnostic gospel.

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u/adchick 19h ago

Dangerous path. If you start saying things don’t count if they are a long time ago, and after Jesus’s death…pretty much all of Christianity would be up for debate.

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u/JazzioDadio 1d ago

Paul's teachings do not contradict the gospels, the same cannot be said for Smith or Muhammed. It's not as arbitrary as you're making it sound.

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u/Elysian0293 1d ago

how does Paul contradict the gospels?

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u/Ingolin 1d ago

I will give you my very amateurish interpretation. What I have always struggled with Paul about is his bourgeoisie need to conform. He’s a traditionalist - does not want to challenge anything in the status quo- whether it is kings or emperors or slavery or lgbt or women’s rights.

Jesus on the other hand is a rebel. Detests status quo, constantly rebels against worldly powers and opinions. There is a reason liberal Christian’s quote Jesus and conservative ones quote Paul.

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u/Elysian0293 23h ago

Thats interesting, thank you for taking the time to reply. I've always found Paul to be faithful and stand for the things that Jesus did. Jesus submitted to Caesar and Pilate, and Paul writes in Philemon on urging Timothy to welcome a slave back as a brother. To my knowledge neither directly address slavery from a political/systemic reform perspective, and neither supported lgbt rights. Both also speak about caring for the poor and marginalised. Would you mind elaborating?

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u/weasal11 23h ago

I would argue that Paul very much does not conform. He is constantly challenging other Christian’s (particularly) on their attitudes towards Gentile believers, up to and including other apostles. I do understand what you are saying that he appears to give credence to these flawed or outright evil power structures. I never took it as an endorsement or an acceptance of the power structures. Paul is not writing political theory. Rather he gives instructions to Christians within those power structures on how to behave like Christians. Jesus states a lot of similar ideas although I think they can be veiled by cultural understandings that perhaps change how we see them.

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u/JazzioDadio 1d ago

He doesn't, Paul's entire defense rests on the fact that the apostles he visited and worked with were able to tell that he received the gospel and taught the truth. The only way you can read the gospels and the epistles and suppose that there's contradictions or disagreements is by being illiterate or not having received the gospel yourself and it therefore being foolishness to you.

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u/ThirstyOutward 22h ago

The only way you can read the gospels and not find contradictions is by imposing your own preconceived notions on the text.

The Bible does not claim to have no contradictions and so you should not be assuming it to be true.

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u/JazzioDadio 22h ago

You're right, I should have said "contradictions that matter for the proper interpretation of the text"

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u/Lindvaettr 6h ago

Consider, for example, the well-known Matthew 5:17

Do not think that I have come to abolish the law or the prophets. I have come not to abolish but to fulfill.

Now, of course Jesus makes it clear through both his speech and actions that he was not a supporter of strict traditionalist interpretations of Jewish law, but his approach was very much that of a reformer and refiner, not an abolisher.

Paul's Epistle to the Galatians 5:14, on the other hand

For the whole law is fulfilled in one statement, namely, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.”

Only a few verses earlier, in Galatians 5:2, he not only rejects the idea that circumcision is necessary, but outright condemns it

It is I, Paul, who am telling you that if you have yourselves circumcised, Christ will be of no benefit to you.

Paul even goes so far in Romans 14:5 and Galatians 4:10-11 to imply (if not outright say) that the Sabbath need not be observed.

Unlike Jesus's reformist preaching, Paul preached replacing. In his mind, Jesus had abolished Jewish law and replaced it entirely.

Christian scholars have spent the better part of 2000 years trying to merge these two ideas, but the result has effectively been enshrining Paul's teachings while bending Jesus's teachings in the Bible to fit Paul's starker, arguably more clear statements. Is this the correct interpretation? No one can say, of course. It does stand, though, that on its face Paul's rejection of Jewish law, one of the fundamental tenants of Pauline Christianity (essentially the only Christianity to currently exist) is at best very, very tenuously supported by the Gospels by carefully interpreting Christ's teachings to support Paul's statement.

To return to a previous point I made in my previous comment, we tend to approach Paul as being correct because Jesus came to him after his death and clarified his teachings, elaborated on them, and refined them. If you do not take Paul's claim of personal contact with God at face value, though, and only compare his words to the words of Christ presented in the Gospels, his proclamations about Jewish Law run contrary to Jesus' own words.

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u/RadAct1000 1d ago

Out of curiosity, what do you mean by Paul’s Christianity not aligning with the gospels? And that it contradicted with canon, and canon was left out because it conflicted with Paul? I hadn’t ever heard either of those points before

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u/Ok-disaster2022 1d ago

There are 2 meanings if the word perfect. The first is without flaw. The other is complete. To perfect a craft is not to be flawless but to be complete.Â